Evaluation of massive education in prison health: a perspective of health care for the person deprived of freedom in Brazil.

Education, with an emphasis on prison health, has acted as a policy inducing changes in work processes, which the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) has used, and which is present in permanent health education, which promotes health care for people deprived of liberty. This article aims to present an analysis of the impacts of the strategy of massive education on prison health in Brazil from the perspective of health professionals and other actors operating in the Brazilian prison system. The data used in the study come from a questionnaire consisting of 37 questions applied nationwide between March and June 2022. Responses were collected from students who completed the course "Health Care for People Deprived of Freedom" of the learning pathway "Prison System", available in the Virtual Learning Environment of the Brazilian Health System (AVASUS). This course was offered nationally, whose adhesion (enrollment) occurred spontaneously, i.e., the course was not a mandatory. The data collected allowed us to analyze the impacts of massive education on prison health. The study also shows that the search for the course is made by several areas of knowledge, with a higher incidence in the health area, but also in other areas, such as humanities, which also work directly with the guarantee of the rights of people deprived of liberty, which are professionals in the areas of social work, psychology, and education. The analysis based on the data suggests that the massive education mediated by technology through the courses of the learning pathway, besides disseminating knowledge-following the action plan of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)-, are an effective tool to promote resilience in response to prison health and care demands of people deprived of liberty.

Relationship between psychopathy, personality and human values in a prison sample / Relação entre psicopatia, personalidade e valores humanos em uma amostra carcerária / Relación entre psicopatía, personalidad y valores humanos en una muestra carcelaria

Our aim was to understand to what extent the characteristics of psychopathy are correlated with personality traits and human values in a sample of imprisoned inmates. To this end, a total of 56 prisoners were evaluated, predominantly female (80.4%) with a mean age of 33.44 (SD=7.15). The following instruments were employed: (1) Hare scale, (2) Human Values Questionnaire (BVQ), (3) Big Five Personality Traits Inventory (BFI-S) and (4) Demographic Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were applied. The results indicated a positive correlation between a socially deviant/antisocial lifestyle (Factor 2) and the dimensions of neuroticism (r s =0.44; p<0.001), openness to experience in the BFI-S (r s =0.26; p<0.05) and experimentation in the BVQ (r s =0.36; p<0.001). It was concluded that the present study contributes to an understanding of personality traits and values related to psychopathy, expanding the nomological network of this construct. (AU)

Objetivou-se conhecer em que medida o traço de psicopatia correlaciona-se com os traços de personalidade e os valores humanos em uma amostra carcerária. Para tanto, avaliou-se 56 detentos, a maioria mulheres (80,4%), com média de idade de 33,44 (DP=7,15). Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: (1) Escala Hare, (2) Questionário de Valores Humanos (QVB), (3) Inventário dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade (IGFP - 5) e (4) Questionário Demográfico. Foram aplicadas estatísticas descritivas e correlação rho de Spearman. Os resultados indicaram uma relação positiva entre o estilo de vida socialmente desviante/antissocial (Fator 2) e as dimensões de neuroticismo (r s =0,44; p<0,001), abertura a mudança do IGFP-5 (r s =0,26; p<0,05) e experimentação do QVB (r s =0,36; p<0,001). Conclui-se que o presente estudo contribui para o conhecimento dos traços de personalidade e valores relacionados a psicopatia, ampliando a rede nomológica deste construto. (AU)

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer en qué medida el rasgo de la psicopatía se correlaciona con los rasgos de personalidad y valores humanos en una muestra penitenciaria. Para ello, fueron evaluados 56 detenidos, en su mayoría mujeres (80,4%), con una media de edad de 33,44 años (DS=7,15). Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: (1) Escala Hare, (2) Cuestionario de valores humanos (QVB), (3) Inventario de los Cinco Grandes Factores de Personalidad (IGFP-5) y (4) Cuestionario demográfico. Se aplicaron estadísticas descriptivas y la correlación rho de Spearman. Los resultados indicaron una relación positiva entre conducta socialmente desviada/antisocial (Factor 2) y las dimensiones de neuroticismo (r s =0,44; p<0,001), apertura al cambio en el IGFP-5 (r s =0,26; p<0,05) y experimentación de QVB (r s =0,36; p<0,001). Se concluye que el presente estudio contribuye al conocimiento de los rasgos y valores de personalidad relacionados con la psicopatía, ampliando la red nomológica de este constructo. (AU)

Challenges to the Educational "Digital Divide" in Spanish Prisons.

Education within prisons is one of the most complex scenarios in the field of education in Spain. Education is conceived in spatial and temporal coordinates that are totally alien to life in prison and often clash with economic or security and order-related contraindications that frustrate the right to education in the twenty-first century. This is an education that cannot be unconnected with digital competition, and one of its aims is to eliminate the "digital divide". On the one hand, it has been analysed by the Spanish and European authorities that there is a need for education to respond to the challenges of today's society, which is characterised by having moved from the analogue era to the digital era. This digital drive is designed to limit social differences. On the other hand, Spanish prison legislation guarantees the right to education, but without forgetting the special circumstances limiting rights in prisons. In Spain, the 1996 regulation does not seem to be able to respond to the existing difficulties, since its wording has become obsolete on this point. In this regard, the Council of Europe recalled different aspects which lead us to question how the right to comprehensive education should be skilfully combined with that of the restrictions specific to the prison environment. The study of these two aspects leads to the conclusion that it is a difficult challenge. The administration must therefore seek a fair balance between the public policy objectives pursued and respect for the rights of persons deprived of their liberty.

Pés descalços e descamisados: uma degustação do processo punitivo ou um retrato social? / Barefoot and shirtless feet: a tasting of the punitive process or a social portrait?

Resumo Este trabalho é uma manifestação crítica a respeito do processo de admissão de pessoas privadas de liberdade (PPL) na porta de entrada das unidades prisionais do Rio de Janeiro, que passam por situações desfavoráveis, como a naturalização da invisibilidade do perfil vulnerável dos sujeitos reclusos, bem como a apresentação destes nas audiências de custódia, com parte de suas vestimentas e calçados retirados por policiais. O perfil seletivo da PPL não coincide com a população que comete delitos e crimes, pois para a privação de liberdade operam filtros socioeconômicos, políticos, raciais e culturais importantes e decisivos. Portanto, a audiência de custódia é uma política pública voltada a coibir violações e garantir direitos fundamentais. Cabe aos órgãos fiscalizadores orientar ações que identificam as violências institucionais, que não deixam marcas físicas, para que se cumpra de fato o objetivo da audiência de custódia, que é a garantia dos direitos humanos.

Abstract This work has as its object a critical statement about the admission process of people deprived of liberty (PPL) at the gateway to Rio de Janeiro, who go through unfavorable situations, such as the naturalization of the invisibility of the vulnerable profile of inmates as well as their presentation in custody hearings, with part of their clothing and shoes removed by police officers. The selective profile of PPL does not coincide with the population that commits crimes and crimes, as important and decisive socioeconomic, political, racial and cultural filters operate for deprivation of liberty. Therefore, the custody hearing is a public policy aimed at curbing violations and guaranteeing fundamental rights, which is the guarantee of human rights.

Programas de reinserção social para egressos do sistema prisional no Brasil: há um olhar para o recorte de gênero? / Social reintegration programs for former inmates in Brazil: is there a gender perspective?

Resumo Com o aumento do número de mulheres privadas de liberdade em todo o mundo, a importância da implantação de estratégias específicas que devem ser aplicadas ao suporte oferecido a essas mulheres são importantes medidas sociais. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a oferta dos recursos para a reinserção social de egressos do sistema prisional brasileiro, com o recorte de gênero. A proposta é realizar uma análise documental sobre estratégias governamentais e não governamentais direcionadas para este público, com recorte de gênero, por meio de uma matriz analítica pelo período compreendido entre 2020 e 2021. Os resultados mostram que há no país diversos programas voltados à reinserção social de egressos do sistema prisional, entretanto poucos apresentam um recorte de gênero. O tema reinserção social e sistema prisional foi identificado em 84 notícias em sítios dos organismos governamentais visitados, sendo 20 federais e 64 estaduais. Em 11 organismos internacionais atuando no Brasil e em 12 ONGs, somente seis apresentaram recorte de gênero. O desafio do sistema penitenciário brasileiro é incluir a abordagem de cidadania e dignidade humana no sistema prisional, incluindo uma abordagem da questão de gênero.

Abstract With the increasing number of women deprived of liberty worldwide, implementing specific strategies that should be applied to the support offered to these women are essential social measures. This study aims to analyze the supply of resources for the social reintegration of former inmates of the Brazilian prison system from a gender perspective. We propose to conduct a documentary analysis on governmental and non-governmental strategies aimed at this audience, with a gender perspective, through an analytical matrix for the 2020-2021 period. The results show several programs in the country aimed at the social reintegration of former prisoners; however, few have a gender perspective. The theme of social reintegration and the prison system was identified in 84 news items on government agencies' websites, 20 of which were federal and 64 state, in 11 international organizations operating in Brazil, and 12 NGOs. Only six had a gender profile. The challenge for the Brazilian penitentiary system is to introduce the citizenship and human dignity approach in the prison system, including an approach to the gender issue.

Saúde mental de agentes penitenciários, relacionada ao ambiente de trabalho / Mental health of penitentiary agents, related to the working environment

Este artigo pretende analisar a atuação dos agentes de segurança penitenciária, principalmente no que se refere à saúde mental dentro do ambiente de trabalho. Para isso, utilizamos o referencial foucaultiano com o intuito de contextualizar o ambiente do sistema carcerário, utilizamos também a psicodinâmica do trabalho para apresentar questões acerca do sofrimento e do estresse nesse ambiente. Nesse sentido, buscamos colocar em evidência a invisibilidade que ocorre pela forma gerencial das prisões, fechadas e hierarquizadas, bem como pelo sofrimento advindo do preconceito e exclusão dentro da sociedade. Sendo assim, a relevância deste trabalho se dá devido ao fato de existirem poucos estudos sobre a temática e, diante disso, surge a preocupação em trazer mais visibilidade a ela, evidenciando as mazelas dessa classe profissional e proporcionar a reflexão sobre o assunto. Ademais, as condições laborais dos agentes de segurança penitenciária demandam a criação de projetos e estratégias mais eficazes para lidar com o seu cotidiano, bem como promover a diminuição do estresse e mais qualidade de vida para os trabalhadores.

This article intends to analyze the performance of prison security agents, mainly regarding mental health within the working environment. For this, the Foucauldian framework was used to contextualize the environment of the prison system, work psychodynamics was also used to present matter about suffering and stress in this environment. In this sense, we sought to highlight the invisibility that occurs due to the managerial form of prisons, closed and hierarchical, as well as the suffering resulting from prejudice and exclusion within society. Therefore, the relevance of this work is due to the fact that there are few studies on the subject and, in view of that, there is a concern to bring more visibility to it, highlighting the problems of this professional class and providing reflection on the topic. Furthermore, the working conditions of prison security agents demand the creation of more effective projects and strategies to deal with their daily lives, as well as promoting a reduction in stress and a better quality of life for workers.

The relevancy of massive health education in the Brazilian prison system: The course "health care for people deprived of freedom" and its impacts.

Introduction: Brazil has one of the largest prison populations globally, with over 682,000 imprisoned people. Prison health is a public health emergency as it presents increasingly aggravating disease rates, mainly sexually transmitted infections (STI). And this problem already affects both developed and developing nations. Therefore, when thinking about intervention strategies to improve this scenario in Brazil, the course "Health Care for People Deprived of Freedom" (ASPPL), aimed at prison health, was developed. This course was implemented in the Virtual Learning Environment of the Brazilian Health System (AVASUS). Given this context, this study analyzed the aspects associated with massive training through technological mediation and its impacts on prison health. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 8,118 ASPPL course participants. The data analyzed were collected from six sources, namely: (i) AVASUS, (ii) National Registry of Health Care Facilities (CNES), (iii) Brazilian Occupational Classification (CBO), (iv) National Prison Department (DEPEN); (v) Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE); and the (iv) Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH), through the Outpatient Information System of the Brazilian National Health System (SIA/SUS). A data processing pipeline was conducted using Python 3.8.9. Results: The ASPPL course had 8,118 participants distributed across the five Brazilian regions. The analysis of course evaluation by participants who completed it shows that 5,190 (63.93%) reported a significant level of satisfaction (arithmetic mean = 4.9, median = 5, and standard deviation = 0.35). The analysis revealed that 3,272 participants (40.31%) are health workers operating in distinct levels of care. The prison system epidemiological data shows an increase in syphilis diagnosis in correctional facilities. Conclusions: The course enabled the development of a massive training model for various health professionals at all care levels and regions of Brazil. This is particularly important in a country with a continental size and a large health workforce like Brazil. As a result, social and prison health impacts were observed.

Atividade Encarcerada: O Trabalho de Psicólogos nas Prisões / Actividad Encarnada: El Trabajo de los Psicologos en las Prisiones / Incarcerated Activity: The Work of Psychologists in Prisons

In Brazil, the presence of psychology in prisons was established by the Criminal Sentence Execution Act, in 1984, and it was intensified in the past three decades. In the paper, the results of a study are discussed to understand the activity of psychologists in the prisons in Minas Gerais, based on clinical approaches to the work. We performed a qualitative research, with content analysis of documents, observations in five pris-ons, and interviews with 14 psychologists who work at these prisons. We verified that the role of psychol-ogy in prisons has been controversial, with different institutional intersections resulting from the security and punishment logic, which seems to frequently oppose professional ethical principles. The institutional demand for classifying prisoners overlaps with the monitoring of rehabilitation programs, set forth by law. This scenario, worsened by the lack of professionals, results in obstructions in the activity, the distress of the worker, trivialization of the violation of rights, and uncritical adhesion to the repressive mechanism of the institution

No Brasil, a presença da psicologia nas prisões foi instituída pela Lei de Execução Penal, em 1984, e se intensificou nas últimas três décadas. No artigo, são discutidos os resultados de um estudo para compreender a atuação dos psicólogos nos presídios de Minas Gerais, a partir das Abordagens Clínicas do Trabalho. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo de documentos, observações em cinco presídios e entrevistas com quatorze psicólogos que atuam nesses presídios. Verificamos que o papel da Psicologia nas prisões tem sido controverso, com diferentes atravessamentos institucionais decorrentes da lógica da segurança e da punição, e que parecem frequentemente contrariar os princípios éticos profissionais. A demanda institucional para a classificação dos presos se sobrepõe ao monitoramento dos programas de reabilitação, previstos em lei. Esse cenário, agravado pela escassez de profissionais, resulta em obstruções na atividade, angústia do trabalhador, naturalização da violação de direitos e adesão acrítica ao mecanismo repressivo da instituição.

Defining the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Care Continuum Among Recently Incarcerated Men at High Risk for HIV Infection: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: HIV disproportionately impacts criminal justice-involved individuals, including men who experience incarceration. Men make up the vast majority of those experiencing incarceration as well as those newly diagnosed with HIV infection. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective biomedical intervention that significantly reduces the risk of HIV acquisition. However, implementation in criminal justice systems is limited. Little is known about effective PrEP implementation and use in this unique public health context. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to characterize the experience of implementing PrEP clinical care in a criminal justice setting for men vulnerable to HIV acquisition. METHODS: This article describes a PrEP care continuum for men experiencing incarceration who are at increased risk of HIV acquisition, which can help conceptualize approaches to evaluating PrEP implementation. RESULTS: The outlined study will enroll 100 men experiencing incarceration at high risk for HIV acquisition prior to release into the community. The goal is to initiate PrEP prior to release and link individuals to PrEP providers in the community, capturing barriers and facilitators to PrEP use during this uniquely vulnerable time period for HIV acquisition. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the proposed care continuum and what is known about HIV risk and prevention efforts in the criminal justice context, we outline key future research efforts to better understand effective approaches to preventing HIV infection among this vulnerable population. The described approach presents a powerful public health opportunity to help end the HIV epidemic. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/31928.

Práticas da Psicologia no contexto carcerário Brasileiro: uma revisão sistemática / Psychology practices in the Brazilian prison context: a systematic review

Este texto apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo compreender a atuação da(o) profissional psicóloga(o) no contexto carcerário brasileiro a partir da literatura produzida e publicada nas principais bases de dados vinculadas ao CNPq. Foi realizado um levantamento nas bases de dados no ano de 2020 e selecionados 7 trabalhos para análise. Identificou-se que a maioria das publicações é de 2015, possuindo concentração geográfica maior na região Sudeste. Predominam discussões sobre o papel que a(o) psicóloga(o) deve exercer nesse espaço e qual a sua real atuação. Constatou-se que as práticas mais exercidas por psicólogas(os) no sistema prisional são os atendimentos individuais, a avaliação psicológica e a elaboração de documentos. Considera-se a necessidade de maiores discussões e pesquisas sobre a atuação de psicólogas no contexto carcerário, bem como a realização destas discussões durante a formação em psicologia.

This text presents the results of a research that aimed to understand the role of professional psychologists in the Brazilian prison context, based on the literature produced and published in the main databases linked to the CNPq. A survey was carried out in the databases in the year 2020 and 7 works were selected for analysis. It was identified that most publications are from 2015, with a greater geographic concentration in the Southeast region. Discussions about the role that (o) psychologist (o) should play in this space and what is her real role prevail. It was found that the practices most exercised by psychologists in the prison system are individual care, psychological assessment and preparation of documents. There is a need for further discussions and research on the role of psychologists in the prison context, as well as these discussions during training in psychology.

Direitos humanos e saúde: reflexões sobre vida e política no contexto da população carcerária / Human rights and health: reflections on life and politics in the context of the incarcerated population

Resumo Este ensaio propõe discutir as noções de direitos humanos e saúde da população carcerária no Brasil contemporâneo, com ênfase no estado de São Paulo. O texto situa o quadro atual do encarceramento em massa, visando expor questões que envolvem o fenômeno saúde e suas articulações aos direitos humanos. A partir das indagações levantadas, desenvolveremos uma reflexão em torno da noção de biopolítica, procurando renovar sua vitalidade ao revisitarmos a obra de Georges Canguilhem e os resultados de pesquisas etnográficas que se debruçaram sobre leituras da vida entre pessoas envolvidas com o "mundo do crime". Enfrentar a questão do direito à saúde para a população carcerária abre uma chave analítica potente para compreender os desafios para o campo da saúde coletiva, haja vista que é possível produzir conhecimento sobre o aumento das mortes e adoecimentos por causas externas, a ampliação dos problemas de saúde mental na população pobre e negra e a reprodução social de violências.

Abstract This essay seeks to discuss notions of human rights and health of the incarcerated population in contemporary Brazil, particularly in São Paulo. The article points out the current framework of mass incarceration, aiming to address the issues involving the health phenomenon and its articulations to human rights. From the questions raised, we develop a reflection on the concept of biopolitics, seeking to renew its vitality as we revisit the work of Georges Canguilhem and the results of ethnographic research that focused on readings on the life among people involved with the "world of crime". Facing the issue about the health rights of the incarcerated population opens a potent analytical key to understand the challenges of the public health field, given that producing knowledge about the increase in deaths and illness from external causes, the expansion mental health problems in the poor and black population, and the social reproduction of violence is possible.

Depressão em pessoas sob aprisionamento no sistema carcerário: revisão integrativa / Depression among the incarcerated population: an integrative review / La dépression chez les personnes incarcérées dans le système pénitentiaire: une revue intégrative / Depresión en personas aprisionadas en el sistema penitenciario: revisión integrativa

Resumo Esta revisão integrativa objetivou reunir estudos sobre a depressão em pessoas sob aprisionamento no sistema carcerário. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO e Web of Science. As ferramentas de suporte para a extração dos artigos selecionados foram o programa computacional StArt e as recomendações Prisma. Os termos usados na busca eletrônica foram "inmate", "prison", "prisoner", "penitentiary" e "depression". A amostra final foi composta por 10 estudos primários, os quais atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e à questão norteadora da revisão. Dentre os achados, a ocorrência de depressão foi evidente em todos os artigos selecionados, e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck foi o instrumento mais utilizado. Por fim, percebeu-se que a identificação precoce de sintomatologia depressiva pode minimizar prejuízos físicos e mentais na população em encarceramento.

Abstract This integrative review analyzed studies about depression among people imprisoned in the prison system. Bibliographic search was conducted on the PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO and Web of Science databases. Papers were selected following the PRISMA recommendations, and then extracted using the StArt software. The search strategy used the terms "inmate," "prison," "prisoner," "penitentiary" and "depression," The final sample included 10 primary studies that met the inclusion criteria and answered the research question. All selected articles indicated the occurrence of depression, assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory. Finally, early identification of depressive symptoms can minimize physical and mental harm in the incarcerated population.

Résumé Cette revue intégrative a analysé les études sur la dépression chez les personnes incarcérées dans le système pénitentiaire. Une recherche bibliographique a été menée sur les bases de données PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO et Web of Science. Les articles ont été sélectionnés en suivant les recommendations PRISMA, puis extraits à l'aide du logiciel StArt. La stratégie de recherche utilisait les termes "détenu", "prison", "prisonnier", "pénitencier" et "dépression". L'échantillon final comprenait 10 études primaires répondant aux critères d'inclusion et à la question de recherche. Tous les articles sélectionnés indiquaient la survenue d'une dépression, évaluée par l'inventaire de dépression de Beck. Enfin, l'identification précoce des symptômes dépressifs peut minimiser les dommages physiques et mentaux au sein de la population carcérale.

Resumen Esta revisión integradora tuvo como objetivo reunir estudios sobre la depresión en personas encarceladas en el sistema penitenciario. Las bases de datos buscadas fueron PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO y Web of Science. Se utilizaron el programa informático StArt como herramienta de apoyo para la extracción de los artículos seleccionados y las recomendaciones PRISMA. Los términos utilizados en la búsqueda electrónica fueron: "inmate", "prison", "prisoner", "penitentiary" y "depression". La muestra final estaba compuesta por 10 estudios primarios, que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y la pregunta guía de la revisión. Entre los hallazgos, la depresión fue evidente en todos los artículos seleccionados y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck fue el instrumento más utilizado. Finalmente, se percibió que la identificación temprana de la sintomatología depresiva puede minimizar los daños físicos y mentales en la población encarcelada.

Ação de monitoramento da covid-19 no sistema prisional do estado da Bahia no ano de 2020 / Covid-19 monitoring actions in the prison system of Bahia in 2020 / Acción de seguimiento del covid-19 en el sistema carcelario del estado de Bahía en 2020

No Brasil, a pandemia atinge, de forma preocupante, funcionários e custodiados do sistema prisional. As condições precárias na estrutura das instituições, a superpopulação e as dificuldades na assistência à saúde podem prejudicar a prevenção aos agentes infectocontagiosos. Na Bahia, o acompanhamento da Covid-19 no Sistema Prisional é realizado pela Área Técnica de Saúde no Sistema Prisional (ATSSP), parte da Coordenação de Promoção da Equidade em Saúde (CPES), componente da Diretoria de Gestão do Cuidado (DGC), um dos setores da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia (Sesab). Essa ação é feita por meio de intervenções diretas nas Unidades Prisionais (UP), publicações de Planos de Ação e elaboração de Notas Técnicas, monitoradas por meio de videoconferências com representantes das áreas da saúde (estado e municípios), segurança pública, administração penitenciária, das UP e delegacias, para articulação e implementação de atividades preventivas, diante da pandemia, voltadas às pessoas privadas de liberdade (PPL). Este artigo descreve as ações de prevenção à Covid-19 desenvolvidas nas UP e delegacias do Sistema Prisional baiano em 2020. É um relato de experiência que utiliza análise de documentos produzidos no processo de implementação e monitoramento das medidas. Como resultados, foram identificadas as ações de superação das dificuldades de cada unidade, que possibilitaram a reorganização dos serviços, oferta de insumos, capacitação dos servidores, vigilância e prevenção dos casos de infecção nas UP e delegacias. Observou-se que as UP da Bahia aplicaram as principais estratégias preconizadas oficialmente, estabelecendo, em alguns casos, um protocolo próprio de combate à Covid-19. Diante desse contexto, é possível apontar que as medidas adotadas colaboraram para a diminuição da disseminação do SARS-CoV-2 na população prisional do estado.

In Brazil, the COVID-19 pandemic has serious impacts on the prison population and staff. The precarious institutional structure, overcrowding, and difficulties in healthcare hamper the prevention of infectious agents. COVID-19 monitoring in the Prison System of Bahia was conducted by the Technical Area of Health in the Prison System (ATSSP) of the Coordination for the Promotion of Equity in Health (CPES) ­ a component of the Care Management Board of the Department of Health of the State of Bahia. Such action was accomplished via direct interventions in Prison Units (PU), Action Plans, and Technical Notes monitored via Web meetings held with representatives from the public security, penitentiary administration, health (state and municipalities), PU, police and police stations to articulate and implement prevention activities, in face of the pandemic, aimed at persons deprived of liberty (PDL). This article describes the actions to combat COVID-19 developed in the PUs and police stations of the Bahia Prison System in 2020. It consists of an experience report that analyses the documents produced in the process of implementing and monitoring the measures. Results indicate the actions employed to overcome the difficulties faced by each unit, which enabled services reorganization, materials supply, staff training, and cases surveillance and prevention in PUs and police stations. Besides applying the main strategies officially recommended, some PUs also established their own protocol to combat COVID-19. Thus, the adopted measures have actively reduced the spread of SARS-COV-2 in the state's prison population.

En Brasil, la pandemia del COVID-19 afectó de manera preocupante a los empleados y los presos del sistema carcelario. Las precarias condiciones en la estructura de las instituciones, el hacinamiento y las dificultades en la atención de la salud pueden dificultar la prevención de agentes infecciosos. En Bahía, el seguimiento del COVID-19 en el Sistema Carcelario fue realizado por el Área Técnica de Salud en el Sistema Carcelario (ATSSP), parte de la Coordinación para la Promoción de la Equidad en Salud (CPES), componente de la Junta de Gestión de Cuidado (DGC), uno de los sectores de la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Bahía (Sesab). Esta acción se llevó a cabo con intervenciones directas en Unidades Carcelarias (UP), publicaciones de Planes de Acción y elaboración de Notas Técnicas, monitoreadas en 15 reuniones en línea con representantes de las áreas de salud (estado y municipios), seguridad pública, administración carcelaria, UP y comisarías, para la articulación e implementación de estrategias de prevención del COVID-19 orientadas a las personas privadas de libertad (PPL). Este artículo describe las acciones de la lucha contra el COVID-19 adoptadas en las UP y comisarías del Sistema Carcelario de Bahía en 2020. Se trata de un relato de experiencia que utiliza el análisis documental del material producido en el proceso de implementación y seguimiento de las medidas. Como resultado, se identificaron acciones de superación de las dificultades de cada unidad, que permitieron la reorganización de los servicios, suministro de insumos, capacitación de servidores, vigilancia y prevención de los contagios en UP y comisarías. Se observó que las UP en Bahía aplicaron las principales estrategias recomendadas oficialmente, estableciendo, en algunos casos, su propio protocolo ante el COVID-19. En este contexto, es posible señalar que las medidas adoptadas han colaborado con la disminución de la propagación del SARS-COV-2 en la población carcelaria del Estado.

Biological Risk in Italian Prisons: From the COVID-19 Management to the Development of a Standardized Model for Emergency Response.

Within the confinements of critical infrastructures, the COVID-19 pandemic is posing a series of challenges to Health Management. In the spotlight of highly contagious and quick spreading diseases within such enclosed facilities, whether it be a detention facility or otherwise, the health and safety of those living within its internment is paramount. This paper aims to highlight the specific challenges and the possible solutions to counteract this problem, starting from the lessons learnt from the Italian prison system case study. Following the general description of the available resources within the Italian prisons, the study aimed at specifically describing the first counteracting measures deployed by the Italian prison authorities during the first phase of the COVID-19 outbreak (February-July 2020). The aim was to propose an integrated plan capable of responding to a biological threat within the prisons. In particular, the study describes the actions and technical features that, in accordance with national and international legal frameworks and the relevant organisational bodies that run the Italian Prison Service, had been adopted in managing, right from the start, the COVID-19 pandemic until Summer 2020. Available information and data showed the ability of the prison administration to comply almost completely with WHO's technical and human rights recommendations and also, in successfully handling prison emergencies both in terms of the sick and the deceased in line with the epidemiological framework of the general population. In addition, the paper proposes a draft of guidelines that should involve the National Health Service and the Prison Service that are aimed at supporting the local prison facilities with drawing up their own biological incident contingency plans. An approved, legal, standardised plan could increase the awareness of prison managers. It could even increase their self-confidence, in particular, with regard to cases of dispute and their ability to respond to them. In fact, it is valuable and forward-thinking to be able to demonstrate that every endeavour has been taken and that 'certified' best practices have been put in place in accordance with the national standards.

Prevalence of COVID-19 infection in the prison system in Espírito Santo/Brazil: Persons deprived of liberty and justice workers / Prevalência de infecção por COVID-19 no sistema prisional no Espírito Santo/Brasil: Pessoas privadas de liberdade e trabalhadores da justiça

Abstract: Objective: To present a prevalence study in prisons and estimate the percentage of people deprived of liberty, health professionals and prison officers infected with SARS-CoV-2 in ES. Methods: this was a prevalence study with sampling carried out in 34 prison units in ES, stratified between 08/31 and 09/04/2020, based on the Population-based age-stratified seroepidemiological investigation protocol for COVID.19 virus infection. Interviews and rapid tests were carried out to detect IgG and IgM in the groups mentioned. Results: Among the 1,830 individuals (311 health professionals, 675 prison officers and 844 people deprived of liberty - PPL), the prevalence of infection by COVID-19 was 11.89% for health professionals; 22.07% for prison officers and 31.64% for people deprived of liberty. Being mostly male, aged between 21 and 40 years old, with elementary and higher education, and of brown color, the interviewees are concentrated in the Metropolitan Region of Espírito Santo. Conclusions: It was observed that the prevalence was higher among people deprived of liberty in all regions in the closed regime, and for penitentiary officers in the semi-open regime, especially in the North region. As for the comparison between regimens and region, distinctions were observed between groups of PPLs with positive tests. And in order to achieve effectiveness in combating COVID-19 with the prison system, actions of extrication, tests and mass vaccination are necessary, as well as other health actions.

Resumo: Objetivo: Apresentar um estudo de prevalência em presídios e estimar o percentual de pessoas privadas de liberdade, profissionais de saúde e agentes penitenciários infectados com o SARS-CoV-2 no ES. Métodos: tratou-se de um estudo de prevalência com amostragem realizada em 34 unidades prisionais no ES, estratificada entre os dias 31/08 e 04/09/2020, baseado no Population-based age-stratified seroepidemiological investigation protocol for COVID.19 virus infection. Realizou-se entrevistas e testes rápidos para detecção de IgG e IgM nos grupos citados. Resultados: Entre os 1.830 indivíduos (311 profissionais de saúde, 675 agentes penitenciários e 844 pessoas privadas de liberdade - PPL), as prevalências de infecção por COVID-19 foram 11,89% para os profissionais de saúde; 22,07% para os agentes penitenciários e 31,64% para as pessoas privadas de liberdade. Sendo, a maioria do sexo masculino, com idade entre 21 a 40 anos, com ensino fundamental e superior, e de cor parda, concentrando-se os entrevistados na Região Metropolitana do Espírito Santo. Conclusões: Observou-se que a prevalência foi maior entre as pessoas privadas de liberdade em todas as regiões no regime fechado, e para os agentes penitenciários no regime semiaberto, com destaque para a Região Norte. Quanto à comparação entre os regimes e região, observou-se distinções entre quanto aos grupos das PPLs com testes positivos.  E para que se alcance a eficácia no combate a COVID-19 junto ao sistema prisional, são necessárias as ações de desencarceramento, testes e vacinação em massa, como também outras ações de saúde.

Intervenções psicológicas em contexto prisional: Revisão sistemática / Psychological interventions in prison context: Systematic review

Intervenções psicológicas em contexto prisional fazem parte do sistema de garantia de direitos. A partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, buscou-se mapear as publicações sobre intervenções psicológicas no contexto prisional, em nível mundial. Seguindo as recomendações do PRISMA, em busca nas bases do EBSCOhost e no Portal de Periódicos CAPES, com os descritores "psychological treatment" OR "psychological intervention" AND prison*, foram localizados 24 artigos, nenhum nacional. Os artigos versam sobre intervenções breves, em grupo e com foco na diminuição de reincidência (especialmente, crimes sexuais e violência de gênero), na diminuição de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e de uso de substâncias. Reflete-se sobre como estas experiências podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de práticas no sistema prisional brasileiro, considerando as especificidades e vulnerabilidades do contexto e a importância delas para promoção e prevenção em saúde.

Psychological interventions in the prison context are part system of the rights protection. From a systematic review of the literature, we sought to map worldwide publications on psychological interventions in the prison context. Following the recommendations of PRISMA, in the basis of EBSCOhost and the Portal de Periódicos CAPES, with descriptors such as "psychological treatment" OR "psychological intervention" AND prison*, 24 articles were found, none national. The articles deal with short and in group interventions, focused on decreasing the recidivism (especially sexual and gender violence related crimes), decreasing anxiety, depression and drug use related symptoms. We have thought about how these experiences might assist the development of practices in the Brazilian prison system, considering the specificities and vulnerabilities of this context and the importance of these practices to promote and prevent events related to health.

Novel Psychoactive Substances in Custodial Settings: A Mixed Method Investigation on the Experiences of People in Prison and Professionals Working With Them.

INTRODUCTION: Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS), especially Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists (SCRAs), pose a substantial challenge to health and the security of the prison environment. This study analyses the phenomenon from the perspective of people in prison and that of professionals working with them. METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative approach was used to analyze self-reported experiences with 'Spice' (NPS) among users in prison. A semi-structured questionnaire was also disseminated among professionals working in these settings to better understand (a) the impact of NPS on their work; (b) perceived issues on safety in their working environment; (c) approaches used to tackle the phenomenon and best practices. RESULTS: Psychotic events resulting from the collected Spice accounts (5) were marked by hallucinations, depression, self-harm, and suicidal ideations. Other emerging elements included fear, paranoia, inability to be with others, mistrust, breakdown and other risky behaviors. Overall, 186 responses from prison staff were collected across the country. 67% claimed NPS to have had a deep impact on their work as they commonly witnessed espisodes involving outbursts of anger, slurred speech, hallucinations, psychosis, and significant mental deterioration among those in prison. Some 91% have witnessed aggression at least once, with 53% experiencing direct harm. Suggested interventions included enhanced training and education (84%), improved detection (92%) and treatment and support services (93%). CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the urgent need for joint multi-disciplinary efforts to tackle the exponential escalation of NPS in prisons as well as to facilitate the recovery and societal reintegration of those affected. Phenomenology can be recommended as a valuable methods to study drug induced experiences.

Projeto re-historiando vidas: estágio em psicologia jurídica e seus desafios no sistema prisional / Project re-historian lives: internship in legal psychology and its challenges in the prison system

Este artigo relata a realização do Projeto Re-Historiando vidas, na área da Psicologia Jurídica. O projeto foi desenvolvido ao longo de seis encontros no Presídio Nilton Gonçalves, no município de Vitória da Conquista, e teve como objetivo promover por meio do encontro com o grupo a reflexão a ressignificação das narrativas de vida dos internos do Módulo da Laborativa. Como estratégia metodológica foi utilizada uma adaptação da dinâmica da Árvore da Vida abrangendo temas que abordassem a vida como uma combinação das experiências passadas, das vivências do presente e dos objetivos e sonhos para o futuro. De modo geral, o projeto foi avaliada como satisfatório e relevante naquele espaço, uma vez que promovia a reflexão sobre os mais diversos temas, a interação grupal, auxiliava no descolamento dos sujeitos dos seus "problemas", trabalhava com a construção de projetos de vida com os internos, repensando as possibilidades, as dificuldades e os desejos dos participantes do grupo e contribuiu para a ressignificação das histórias de vida dos internos

This article reports the realization of the project Re-Historiando lives, in the area of legal psychology. The project was developed over six meetings at the Presidio Nilton Gonçalves, in the municipality of Vitoria da Conquista, and aimed to promote through the meeting with the group the reflection the resignification of the life narratives of the interns of the Laborative module. As a methodological strategy, an adaptation of the dynamics of the Tree of life was used, encompassing themes that addressed life as a combination of past experiences, of the present and of the goals and dreams for the future. In general, the project was evaluated as satisfactory and relevant in that space, since it promoted the reflection on the most diverse themes, the group interaction, helped in the detachment of the subjects of their "problems", worked with the construction of Life projects with the interns, rethinking the possibilities, difficulties and desires of the group participants and contributed to the resignification of the life histories of the interns

Encarceramento feminino: reflexões acerca do abandono afetivo e fatores associados / Female incarceration: reflections of affective and associated factors / Encarcelamiento femenino: reflexiones acerca del abandono afectivo y factores asociados / Incarcération des femmes: réflexions sur les facteurs associés

O presente trabalho aborda histórica e criticamente o encarceramento feminino, bem como o abandono afetivo experienciado pelas mulheres encarceradas. A pesquisa foi realizada com base em revisão de literatura, tendo sido investigado a partir das características da mulher criminosa desenvolvido pela criminologia positivista no final do século XIX, até o acervo literário mais atual sobre essa temática do encarceramento feminino, o rompimento do ideal de mulher estabelecido historicamente despontou como um dos principais fatores, juntamente com as relações de poder de base patriarcal instituídas sobre essas mulheres. Junto a isso, buscou-se apresentar de que maneira as relações de poder atravessam o corpo das mulheres encarceradas por meio de estratégias de dominação, apontar os significados que permeiam a entrada das mulheres na criminalidade, bem como a maneira com as quais elas são punidas. Nesse último quesito, foi apresentada a direta relação que a desigualdade de gênero se aloca nas atuações de quem se relaciona diretamente com a população carcerária feminina.

The present work approaches historically and critically the female incarceration, as well as the affective abandonment experienced by imprisoned women. The research was carried out based on a literature review in which aspects from the characteristics of the criminal women developed by positivist criminology at the end of the 19th century to the most current literary collection on the female incarceration 's subject were delineated. The breaking of the ideal of women established historically along with the patriarchal base power relations instituted upon these women emerged as main factors. Additionally, it was presented how power relations cross the body of imprisoned women through strategies of domination and to point out the meanings that permeate the entry of women into criminality, as well as the manner in which they are punished. Based on this last issue, the direct relationship between gender inequality and the actions of those directly involved with the female incarcerated population was presented.

El presente trabajo aborda histórica y críticamente el encarcelamiento femenino, así como el abandono afectivo experimentado por las mujeres encarceladas. La investigación fue realizada con base en revisión de literatura, siendo investigado a partir de las características de la mujer criminal desarrollada por la criminología positivista, a finales del siglo XIX, hasta el acervo literário más actual acerca de la temática del encarcelamiento femenino, el rompimiento del ideal de mujer establecido históricamente surgió como uno de los principales factores, junto con las relaciones de poder de base patriarcal instituidas sobre estas mujeres. Junto a eso, se buscó presentar de qué manera las relaciones de poder atraviesan el cuerpo de las mujeres encarceladas por medio de estrategias de dominación, apuntar los significados que permean la entrada de las mujeres en la criminalidad, así como la manera con que ellas son castigadas. En este último aspecto, se presentó la directa relación que la desigualdad de género se asigna en las actuaciones de quienes se relacionan directamente con la población carcelaria femenina.

Le présent travail aborde historiquement et de manière critique l'incarcération des femmes, ainsi que l'abandon affectif vécu par les femmes emprisonnées. La recherche a été réalisée sur la base d'une revue de la littérature, après avoir étudié les caractéristiques de la femme criminelle développée par la criminologie positiviste à la fin du XIXe siècle, ainsi que la collection littéraire la plus récente sur l'incarcération des femmes, la rupture de l'idéal de la femme. établi historiquement est apparu comme l'un des principaux facteurs avec les relations de pouvoir patriarcales établies sur ces femmes. En même temps, l'objectif était de montrer comment les relations de pouvoir traversent le corps des femmes emprisonnées par le biais de stratégies de domination, afin de mettre en évidence les significations qui imprègnent l'entrée des femmes dans la criminalité, ainsi que la manière dont elles sont punies. Dans cette dernière question, le lien direct entre l'inégalité entre les sexes et les actions de ceux directement liés à la population carcérale féminine a été présenté.